ADIRONDACKS Back to ADIRONDACKS: OF INDIANS AND MOUNTAINS, 1535-1838
OF INDIANS AND MOUNTAINS, 1535-1838by Stephen B. Sulavik
INDEX A-M
A
Abenaki, 32, 42, 81, 120–121
Abenaki Indian Legends, Grammar and Place Names, 42
Abenaki/Mallisseet-Passomoquody, 118–119
Aboriginal Occupation of New York, 76f–77f, 78
Achkoks, 96
Achkokx, 14, 16, 36, 39, 225t
Aderondackx, 39, 62, 225t
Adirondackdefinition of, 13–14, 95, 225t
etymology of, 13–14, 53, 95, 96
first appearance of, 36
legend about, 42
spellings of, 109, 168, 225t
Adirondack group, 17, 93, 95, 109
Adirondack Indians, 36–50, 225t. See also Iroquois; Kichesipirini; Onontchateronons; Ouescharini; specific band, e.g., Algonquins
Algonquian ancestors of, 96
Algonquians as, 96
Algonquins as, 17, 38, 95definition of, 96, 97
dress and equipment of, 12f, 13
European contact with, 50
History of the Five Indian Nations and, 95
Hurons as, 36
Kichesipirini as, 38, 50, 96
lower Ottawa River valley Algonquins as, 39–41, 96
maps documenting, 41, 41–42, 43, 134–136, 140–141, 142–143, 148–149,156–157, 162–163,166–167, 168–169 Mohawks and, 16, 36, 38–40
Montagnais as, 36, 38, 40, 51, 96
Onontchateronons as, 38, 96
Ouescharini as, 96territory of, 52
Adirondack Mountains, 68–109
Couchsachraga and, 78–82
European sightings of, 83–84
European travels through, 84–92, 85f, 86f
geology of, 68–70, 97
Indian routes through, 100–101
Iroquois territory in, 77–78
Landsat satellite photograph of, 70, 174–175
maps of, 18f–19f, 80f, 82–83, 86f, 160–161, 170–171
naming of, 17, 71, 71–72, 75–76, 82–83, 95, 97, 227t
as “parts but little known,” 82–83, 160–161
peaks of, 93
Province of Laconia and, 72–75
as tribal territory, 52
uplift of, 70, 70f
vs. Appalachian Mountains, 18f–19f
Adirondax, 39, 225t
Aganuschion(i), 108
Aganuschion Range, 227t
Aganushioni, 109
“A General Map of the Middle British Colonies in America,” 158–159
Agnié, 64, 136-137, 156–157
Agnieronon, 64, 134–136
Albany. See Fort Orange; Orange
Albany Road, 90
Albany Trail, 91
Albertina drawing, 140
Algomkins, 17, 41
maps documenting, 41f, 156–157
Algommequins, 128–129
Algomquins, 134–136, 225t
Algonkians, 32
Algonkins, 32, 40, 225t
dress and equipment of, 53f
locations of, 18f–19f
Algonquians, 32
as Adirondack Indians, 96
Basque contact with, 25
Mohawk warfare with, 61
territory of, 27, 32
Algonquin, Mount, 82
Algonquins, 28f, 32–36
as Adirondack Indians, 17, 38, 95 See also Adirondack Indians
dress and equipment of, 12f, 13
etymology of, 32–33, 225t
European contact with, 34–35
history of, 33–36
Iroquois boundary with, 82
lower Ottawa River valley
as Adirondack Indians, 36–41, 96
allied with Champlain, 29
bands of, 33–34
Champlain’s descriptions (1613) of, 178–189, 179f
customs of, 178–189
European contact with, 43, 45, 50, 96–97
homelands of, 20f–21f, 33f
Iroquois hostilities against, 26f, 27, 29–30, 36, 51–52, 56, 61
maps documenting, 16, 33f, 41–42, 41–44, 45, 64, 122–123, 124–125,142–143, 156–157
military alliance with, 35–36, 37f
Mohawks and, 28f, 29, 36, 38–40
names of, 16, 226t
Recollect contact with, 62–63
suffixes used by, 45–46
trade with, 15, 38, 56
warfare arrangements of, 54
water routes to, 36
maps documenting, 152–153, 168–169
missionary protection of, 61–62
Mohawk attacks against, 26f
at Oka, 14
Sagard’s descriptions of, 190–201
at Saint Lawrence River, 23
upper, 33–34
Algonquins de L’Isle, 142–143, 226t. See also Kichesipirini (Algonquins of the Island, Allumettes)
Algonquins of the Island. See Kichesipirini (Algonquins of the Island, Allumettes)
Algoumequins, 32, 35, 40, 96, 118, 124–125
Allard, Hugo, 35, 76
“New and Exact Map of all New Netherland,” 148–149
Allegheny Mountains, 60
Allumette Island, 124–125, 179f
Allumette Lake, 46
Allumettes. See Kichesipirini (Algonquins of the Island, Allumettes)
“A Map of New England and New York,” 146–147
“A Map of the Middle British Colonies in North America,” 41–42, 43, 164–165
Ameda, 177
“Americae Sive Novi Orbis, Nova Des Descriptio,” 116–117
“Americae Sive Quartae Orbis Partis Nova Et Exactissima,” 71, 112–113
America Painted to the Life, 73–74, 73f
“America Septentrionalis, Amsterdam,” 132–133
Andagaron, 67
Anniene, 64
annienerouonon, 64
Antouhonoron, 61f
Appalachian Mountains, 70, 98
vs. Adirondack Mountains, 18f–19f
Arendahronons, 50, 53–54, 61f
Iroquois hostilities with, 51
military alliance with, 35–36, 37f
in Mohawk defeat, 28f
Argall, Samuel, 120
Arhendarenonons
Iroquois warfare against, 27
Armouchiquois, 120–121, 122–123
Arundacs, 40–41, 225t
Arundax, 109, 225t
Astoria, 217–222
Aticq, Mahigan, 29
atirú:taks, 13, 95, 96, 225t
Atontrataronon, 64, 226t
“at the place of beaver dams,” 78, 97
Ava, 72
Avacal, 15, 71, 71–72, 83, 95, 97, 112–113, 116–117
Avacum, 71, 97
B
Baie Mississquoi, 138–139
bark
nutritional valve of, 51
for pain, 66
Basques, 25, 66
Bazin River, 65
Beauchamp, William M., 108
Aboriginal Occupation of New York, 76f–77f, 78
Couchsachraga and, 79
beaver
Hurons and, 200–201
“Beaver Map,” 66, 150–151
beaver trade, 59, 96. See also fur trade
beaver wars, 31, 59
Bessouat, 46, 50
“big river people,” 46
Black Mountains, 108, 227t
Black River, 90, 92
Blaeu, Willem, 35, 76
“Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova,” 130–131
Blessed Sacrament, Lake of the, 16, 17, 35, 88. See also George, Lake
Block, Adriaen, 35, 74, 130
“Kaart van Nieuw-Nederland,” 126–127
Block Island, 126–127
Blue Mountains, 227t
Boisseau, Jean, 76
Boston Bay, 98
Bourdon, Jean, 63, 120, 128, 142, 144
Adirondack travels of, 87–88
“Chemin des Iroquois,” 46, 87–88, 134, 136-137
“Les Terres á l’ouest et au ud de Montréal,” 138–139
“Nouvelle France,” 16, 44, 45, 63–64, 128, 134–136
Bourdon map, 134
Brébeuf, Father Jean de, 50, 97
Bressani, Father, 104
Briefe Description of Laconia, a Province in New-England, 73, 73f, 75
British colonies. See also English
maps of, 41–42, 42, 43, 65, 158–159, 164–165, 168–169
Brodhead, J. Romeyn, 95, 126
“Map of Lake Champlain, with the Rivers from Fort Chambly in New France,
to Orange in New England, prepared according to divers Memoirs,” 81, 154–155
Brown, John, 227t
Browne, George Waldo, 76, 99–100
Brown’s Mountains, 227t
Brulé, Etienne, 50
Bry, Johann Theodore de, 130–131
C
C. des algommequins, 16
Cabot, John, 65
Calash, 212f
California, 132–133
Campbell, Archibald, 82
Canada, 55, 132–133
routes to, 100
Saint Regis reservations in, 31f
Canada Indians, 225t
hunting agreements with, 79, 81
Mohawk hostilities against, 36
Canagere, 67, 140–141
Caneghsadarundax, 225t
Caniaderi-Guarunte, 76
canoes
lower Ottawa River valley Algonquin, 195–196, 195f
voyageurs and, 217, 219f, 221–220
Canoes in a Fog, Lake Superior, 219f
Canowarode, 140–141
Carleill, Captain Christopher, 56
Carson, Russell M. L., 103
“Carte De La Nouvelle France,” 152–153
“Carte de la nouvelle france,” 128–129
“Carte Des Etats-Unis D’Amérique et Du Cours Du Mississipi,” 41, 50, 166–167
“Carte Geographique De La Nouvelle Franse,” 16, 35, 74, 76, 122–123
“Carte geographique de la Nouvelle franse en son vray mondia,” 16, 48, 50, 74, 76, 124–125
Cartier, Jacques, 15, 15f, 34
Adirondack Mountain sightings by, 83
Avacal and, 71–72
Hochelaga and, 54, 55
Iroquoian contact with, 21, 22f–23f, 23, 53, 54
kidnappings by, 25, 56
medical contributions of, 66–67
Navigations to Newe Fraunce, 177–178, 179f
Saint Lawrence voyages of, 21, 22f–23f, 23
Carver, Jonathan, 79
“The Province of Quebec,” 41, 50, 162–163
Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768, 75
Castillon, Father André, 46, 135
Cataraqui—Rideau River axis, 48, 49f, 86f
Cayugas, 21f, 26f, 27, 134–136, 156–157 Ceux de L’Isle, 63, 226t
Chambly Falls, 49f
Champlain, Lake
Brodhead map of, 154–155
geological observations from, 206–209
Iroquois defeat at, 28f
Iroquois mention of, 73
location of, 99
maps of, 35, 73, 74, 120–133, 122–123, 124–125, 126–127, 128–129, 130–131, 132–133, 140–141, 146–147, 152–153
Mohawk routes to, 144–145
names for, 16, 73, 76
Richelieu River route and, 89, 100–101, 136-137, 144–145, 210–211
travel routes and, 17, 35, 49f, 84, 86f, 138–139, 87, 148–149
Champlain, Samuel de, 34f
Adirondack Mountains and, 83–84
Algonquin contact with, 34–35, 50
Algoumequins and, 40, 96
astrolabe of, 183f
“Carte de la nouvelle france,” 128–129
“Carte Geographique De La Nouvelle Franse,” 16, 35, 74, 76, 122–123
“Carte geographique de la Nouvelle franse en son vray mondia,” 16, 48, 50, 74, 76, 124–125
coastal explorations of, 98
Des Sauvages, 35
fourth voyage of, 178–189
geographic discoveries of, 35–36
Indian groups of, 29
Iroquoian peace and, 27, 29
in Iroquois—Algonquian/Huron conflict, 35–36, 37f
Iroquois warfare with, 27, 28f, 29, 61, 61f, 193f
Kichesipirini contact with, 15, 46–47
Lescarbot and, 55
lower Ottawa River valley Algonquin customs described by, 178–189
maps of, 118
military alliance of, 35–36, 37f, 50
Mohawk contact with, 15–16
Mohawk defeat and, 50
Ouescharini contact with, 48, 50
at Saint Lawrence River, 23
“Taunton map” and, 134
Voyages (1613), 122, 124, 178–189
Voyages (1619), 189–190, 189f
Voyages (1632), 128
Charioquet, 16, 124–125, 140–141
Charles I, King of England, 16
Charles River, 74, 98
Chatelain, Henri-Abraham, 35
“Carte De La Nouvelle France,” 152–153
Chauvin de Tonnetuit, Pierre, 27
“Chemin des Iroquois,” 46, 87–88, 134, 136-137
Chemin pour on Les Montaignetz vont quelquefois en guerre, 136-137
Cheney, John, 93
Chokande, 142–143
Chonchradeen, 142–143, 226t
Choneande, 34, 134–136, 226t
Chonkande, 64
Chorographical Map of the Northern part of the Province of New York, 78
Clement XII, Pope, 32
Clinton, DeWitt, 227t
Clinton Range, 227t
Cloven Rock, 81. See also Split Rock
Cock, Hieronymus
“Americae Sive Quartae Orbis Partis Nova Et Exactissima Descriptio,” 71, 112–113
cod fisheries, 25, 51, 56–57, 65–66, 66f, 96, 150–151
Colden, Cadwallader
History of the Five Nations, 17, 40, 41, 59–60, 62, 64, 95, 102–103, 106
Cold River, 82
colonists
topographical knowledge of, 99
colonization, 59
Colvin, Verplanck, 103
“Great Land Patents,” 80, 172–173
Iroquois-Algonquin boundary and, 82
Cooper, James Fenimore, 58–59
Corlear’s Mountains, 227t
Couchsachraga, 78–82, 95, 97, 103
Couchsachrage, 158–159
Council for New England, 98
coureurs de bois, 89, 217, 218–220
Cousture, Guillaume
Iroquois capture of, 84–87
Cowogouen, 156–157
Cramoisy, Sébastien, 30, 201
Creuxius, Franciscus
New France map of, 46
Crossfield, Stephen, 82
Crown Point, 29, 50, 206
Cuyugas, 100
D
D’Anville, Sieur
“North America,” 17, 41, 41, 156–157
Dawson site, 55
deer hunting, 189–190, 189f
De Groote Rivière van nieu Netherlandt, 126–127
De Laet, Johannes
Adirondack Mountain sightings by, 84
De L’Isle, Claude
map of, 46, 48, 64
De L’Isle, Guillaume
map of, 46, 48, 64
Delius, John H., 102
Delle navigationi et viaggi (1556), 24f–25f, 54
Desrosiers, Léo-Paul, 59
Des Sauvages, 35
Dolbeau, Recollect Brother Jean, 63
Dom Agaya, 56
Donnacona, 21, 23, 25, 55, 56
Du Gas Passage, 98
Du Plessis, Recollect Brother Pacifique, 63
Dutch
Adirondack and, 39–40
E
“eaters of trees.” See also “tree eaters”
Algonquins as, 16, 40
atirú:taks as, 96
definition of, 13
Hurons as, 36
Montagnais as, 16, 40
Orankokx and Achkokx as, 16
Rontaks as, 17, 39
Eddy, John H., 83
edible plants, 122–123
Ehonkeronon, 46–47, 63–64, 134–136, 142–143, 226t
Ehonqueronon, 142–143, 226t
elaego’-mogwik, 33
Eleuation des Cabannes Sauvages, 57f
Emmons, Ebenezer, 222f
Adirondack Mountains naming by, 17, 41, 92, 97, 109
geological survey of, 92–96, 222–223
Emmons, Ebenezer (son), 92
English, 66
Adirondack and, 40–42
Indian allies of, 60
Mohawks and, 31
Entouhonoron, 61f
Erie, Lake, 138–139
Eries, 21f, 30
Etchemin, 32-33
Etchemins, 120–121
Evans, Lewis, 164
“A General Map of the Middle British Colonies in America,” 41, 42, 158–159
exploration, 59
F
Faden, William “The United States of North America with the British Territories and those of Spain,” 41, 65, 168–169
famine, 51
fauna, 122–123, 130–131, 132–133
Fer, Nicolas de, 66f
“Beaver Map,” 150–151
“Figure de la Terre Neuve, Grand Rivière de Canada, et Cotes de L’Ocean en la Nouvelle France,” 23, 55, 76, 118–119
fire
kindling of, 43, 191–192, 191f
fisheries, 65–66, 66f, 96. See also cod fisheries
in first contact, 51, 56–57
Five Nations, 16, 17, 27, 31, 55, 57–58, 134–136, 144–145
territorial boundaries of, 20f–21f, 76, 76f–77f, 78
Florio, John, 83, 177
foot trails, 107–108
Fort Anne, 154–155
Fort Chambly, 154–155
Fort Orange, 39, 62, 130–131, 132–133, 138–139
Fort Saint Frederic, 206
Franchetot, Maturin, 89
French, 66
Adirondack and, 40
first contact with, 50
Indian groups loyal to, 19, 29, 30, 31, 39, 60
Iroquois war with, 30
Mohawk raids by, 203–205
settlements of, 160–161
suffixes used by, 45–46
French and Indian War, 31, 60, 160–161
French Indians, 29, 30, 39, 225t
Frontenac, Count de, 100
Frontenac Arch, 68f, 70
fur trade
Algonquins in, 32, 38
beaver wars and, 31
in colonization, 59, 96
competition for, 72, 187
coureurs des bois in, 217–220
Iroquois hostilities in, 26f, 27, 51
Irving’s descriptions of, 217–220
Montagnais and, 32
water routes for, 32
G
Ganienkeh, 56
Gaspé Peninsula, 23
Gatineau River, 49f, 65
Gavit, John E., 79
Chorographical Map of the Northern part of the Province of New York, 78
“General Map of the Middle British Colonies in America, A,” 158–159
Genesee River, 27
geology
of Adirondack Mountains, 68–70
from western Lake Champlain, 206–209
George, Lake, 120–121, 138–139
naming of, 16, 17, 88–89
travel routes and, 17, 35, 84, 87–88, 136-137, 138–139, 154–155
Velasco map and, 35
George II, King of England, 17, 88–89
Georgian Bay, 32
Godefroy, Thomas, 65, 120, 134
Gorges, Esq., Ferdinando
America Painted to the Life, 73–74, 73f
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, 16
Briefe Description of Laconia, a Province in New-England, 73, 73f, 75
Province of Laconia and, 72, 97, 98, 99
Goupil, Rene, 84–85
Grandes Allumettes, 162–163
Grand Lac, 128
Grasse River, 100
Great Lakes, 142
“Great Land Patents,” 80, 172–173
Green Lake, 179f
Grenville Orogeny, 69
Grenville Province, 68f–69f, 69–70
Grenville rocks, 68f–69f
Gulf of Saint Lawrence, 22f–23f, 51, 56
Gutiérrez, Diego, 15
“Americae Sive Quartae Orbis Partis Nova Et Exactissima Descriptio,” 71,112–113
H
Hainaut, 71
Hakluyt, Richard, 23, 83, 177
Hall, James, 92
Havacum, 71
Hébert, John R., 112–113
Heidenreich, Conrad E.
on native names, 45, 64
on “Taunton map,” 134, 136
Henderson, David, 92–93, 94f–95f
Hennegau, 71
Hennepin, Louis, 76
Hewitt, J. N. B., 23, 53
High Peak of Essex, 92, 101
ascents of, 17, 92–95
High Peak of Essex, 170–171
Hilokoa, 25
Himalaya, 69
Hirocois, 35
History of the Five Nations Depending on the Province of New York in America, The, 17, 40, 41, 59–60, 62, 64, 95, 102–103, 106
Hochelaga, 54
Cartier at, 22f–23f
Champlain at, 34
Iroquoian sites at, 21, 24f–25f
Ramusio’s woodcut of, 24f–25f, 54–55
Hochschild, Harold, 90
Ho-dé-no-sau-nee, 27
Hoffman, Charles Fenno
Adirondack descriptions of, 17, 92, 93, 95, 108, 227t
Holt, Harvey, 93
Honqueronon, 226t
Hopkins, Edward Martin, 219f
Hopkins, Frances Ann, 219f
hostilities
by Iroquois, 26f, 27, 29–30, 36, 51–52, 56, 61, 61f, 96
Hudson, Henry, 16, 29
Hudson Bay, 124–125
Hudson River, 29, 35, 120–121
source of, 84
travel routes for, 84, 136-137, 138–139, 144–145
Hudson River—Woods Creek—Lake Champlain—Richelieu River route, 86f
Hunt, George T., 59
hunting
Canada Indian agreements over, 79, 81
of deer, 189–190, 189f
Huron-Iroquois, 189–190, 189f
Iroquois grounds for, 79, 81, 101–102
by lower Ottawa River valley Algonquins, 195–196, 195f
Mohawk grounds for, 31, 85, 86f, 87, 101–102
Huron, Lake, 128–129, 138–139
Georgian Bay of, 32
travel routes and, 49f
Huronia, 47
Huron-Iroquoins
dress and equipment of, 12f, 13
Huron-Iroquois
deer hunting methods of, 189–190, 189f
Hurons, 21f, 28f, 34
alliances with, 29, 35–36, 37f, 61
descriptions of, 43
dress and equipment of, 12f, 13, 53f
European contact with, 50, 96–97
Iroquoians and, 23
Iroquois hostilities against, 26f, 27, 29–30, 36
Kichesipirini and, 47
medicine of, 197–200
as original Adirondacks, 36
Recollect contact with, 62
Sagard’s descriptions of, 190–201, 191f
in Saint Lawrence Iroquoian dispersal, 15
suffixes used by, 45–46
warfare arrangements of, 54
I
igneous rock, 69
Ile dis Allumettes, 63
Indian
etymology of, 54
Indians of Canada. See Canada Indians
Ingham, C. C., 93
Insula California, 132–133
interpreters, 50
Irocois, 35
Iroquets. See Onontchateronons
Iroquoians
ancestor groups of, 96
confederacy of, 27
conflicts by, 23
dispersal of, 15, 23, 25, 27
early history of, 19–25
European contact with, 21
at Hochelaga, 21, 24f–25f
hostilities of, 56
language subdivisions of, 19, 21
northern sites of, 19, 21f
region inhabited by, 19
Saint Lawrence River, 15, 21, 21f, 23, 25, 34, 53, 177–178
at Stadacona (Quebec), 21, 23
Iroquois, 25–32, 118–119, 144–145. See also Cayugas; Mohawks; Oneidas: Onondagas; Senecas
Algonquin boundary with, 82
beaver wars and, 59
at Couchsachraga, 78–82
defeat of, 28f, 32, 59–60
maps and, 82–83
dress and equipment of, 53f
etymology of, 23, 25
European contact with, 29, 76
Father Jogues capture by, 84–89, 86f
Five Nations of. See Five Nations
forts of, 37f, 193f
in French and Indian War, 60
history of, 27–32
hostilities of, 26f, 27, 29–30, 36, 51–52, 56, 61, 61f, 96
hunting grounds of, 79, 81, 101–102
Iroquoians and, 23
Lake Champlain sites of, 104
Le Mercier’s travels among, 201–203
long houses of, 57–58, 57f, 58f
maps documenting, 18–19, 46, 76, 76f–77f, 78, 95, 156–157, 160–161
military alliance against, 35–36, 37f
Mohawk River valley, 23
northern boundaries of, 79, 81
peace effort of, 27, 29
Revolutionary War loyalties of, 103
Saint Lawrence River, 72
Six Nations of, 27, 58
territory of, 17, 27, 29, 31, 32, 52, 96, 104
travel routes of, 100, 101, 144–145
warfare arrangements of, 54
wars of 1600s, 31
water routes avoiding, 49f, 50
Iroquois, Mount, 82
Irving, Washington, 91–92, 218f
Astoria, 217–222
J
J. C. B.
Travels in New France, 210–211, 210f
James I, King of England, 74–75
Jamet, Recollect Brother Denis, 63
Jamieson, Paul, 90–91
Jansson, Johannes, 35, 76
“America Septentrionalis, Amsterdam,” 132–133
Janssonius, Joannes, 146
Janszoon van Wassenaer, Nicolaes
Adirondack names and, 14, 16, 39, 54, 96
Jarvis, John Wesley, 218f
Jenness, John Scribner, 99
Jessup, Ebenezer (Eben), 82
Jessup, Edward, 82
Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, 18f–21f, 30, 62, 201
Jesuits
Iroquois accounts by, 30
Jogues, Father Isaac, 67, 85f, 120, 138
Adirondack routes of, 16, 63, 67, 84–85, 86f, 87–89
“Chemin des Iroquois,” 46, 87–88, 134, 136-137
Iroquois capture of, 84–87, 104, 106–107
Johnson, Sir William, 17
Iroquois boundaries and, 79, 81
Lake George naming by, 88–89
names and, 40
K
“Kaart van Nieuw-Nederland,” 126–127
Kalm, Peter, 91
Travels into North America, 206–209
Kanhkaronde, 76
Kanyatare, 76
Kanye kehá ka, 56, 64
Kanyenke, 56
Kanyenkehaka, 56
Kebec, 120–121
Keinouche, 33f, 226t
Khionontatetonon, 48, 63, 134–136, 142–143, 226t
Kichesipirini (Algonquins of the Island, Allumettes)
as Adirondack Indians, 38, 96
European contact with, 15, 50
history of, 43, 46–47
homelands of, 33–34, 33f
Iroquois hostilities with, 36, 40–41, 51
maps documenting, 134–136, 142–143, 162–163, 179f
names for, 63–64, 225t, 226t
Sagard among, 191
Kichesipiriniwek, 226t
“killer people,” 25
King William’s War, 60
Kinouchepirini (Kinounchepirini), 13-13-14f, 34, 226t
Kleyntjen, 29
Kotakoutouemi, 33f, 34, 50, 226t
L
Lac Champlain, 144–145
Lac Champlain ou Yroquois, 76
Lac De Champlain, 73
Lac des Deux Montagnes, 14, 52
Lac des Yrocois, 73
Lac des Yroquois, 76
Lac du S. Sacrement, 16, 17, 35, 88, 154–155. See also George, Lake Lac du Sacrement, 144–145
Lac Frontenac, 152–153
Lac Illinois, 152–153
Laconia Associates, 74
Laconia Company, 72, 98, 126
Laconia Grant, 72–73
Laconia Patent, 72, 98
Lac Saint Peters, 138–139
Lac St. Louis, 128–129
Lac St. Sacremen, 138–139
Lac Superieur, 142
Lacus Irocoisiensis, 76, 130–131
Lafitau, Father Joseph François in Adirondack etymology, 13, 17, 96
Moeurs Des Sauvages Ameriquains Comparées Aux Moeurs des Premier Temps, 38f, 39, 39f, 53f, 105f, 191f, 193f
Lake George—Lake Champlain—Richelieu River route, 86f
Lake of the Blessed Sacrament, 16, 17, 35, 88. See also George, Lake Lake of the Iroquois, 73
Lake of Two Mountains, 14, 52
Lalemant, Father Charles, 97, 106–107
Lalemant, Father Jerome, 48
Adirondack travels and, 85, 87, 88
Landsat satellite photograph of Adirondack Mountains, 70, 174–175
“La Nuova Francia,” 114–115
La Terra de Hochelaga nella Nova Francia, 24f–25f, 54–55
league(s), 98
League of the Iroquois, 78
“Le Canada ou Nouvelle France,” 46, 47, 63–64, 142–143
Le Caron, Recollect Brother Joseph, 63
Le Jeune, Father Paul, 37f
cod fisheries and, 66
lower Ottawa River valleys Algonquins and, 16, 33f, 36, 43, 186
as map source, 46
nutritional value of trees and, 51
snowshoes (raquettes) and, 205–206
Le Mercier, Father François, 90
Iroquois travels of, 201–203
Oswegatchie River map of, 17
“Plans des forts faicts par le Regiment Carignan falieres sur la Rivière de Richelieu dicte autrement des Iroquois en la Nouvelle france,” 27, 46, 144–145, 202, 210
LeMoine, Father Simon, 97
Adirondack Mountains and, 17, 84
Mountains of Saint Margaret and, 75–76
Lescarbot, Marc, 55
“Figure De La Terre Neuve, Grand Rivière De Canada, Et Cotes De L’Ocean En La Nouvelle France,” 23, 55, 76, 118–119
“Les Terres á l’ouest et au sud de Montréal,” 138–139
Lièvre River, 48, 49f
Little Nation of Algonkins, 17
Little Nation of Algonquins, 65, 162–163, 168–169
Lloyd, Herbert M., 107–108
long houses
Iroquoian, 57–58, 57f, 58f, 194
Long Journey to the Country of the Hurons, The, 29–30, 47, 54, 63, 186, 190–201, 191f, 205
Lossing, Benson, 227t
M
Madawaska River, 50
Mahicans, 26f, 30f, 67
Mahigan Aticq, 29
Maine, 99
Maliseet, 33
Maliseets, 23, 32, 120–121
“man-eaters,” 56
Manhates, 126–127
Manhattan Island, 126–127
map(s), 111–175. See also specific map title or author
of Adirondack Mountains, 18f–19f, 80f, 82–83, 86f, 160–161, 170–171
Couchsachraga on, 78–82
of Iroquois boundaries, 76–78
name changes on, 95–96
of North America, 16, 35, 41, 41–42, 43, 65, 120–121, 132–133, 156–157, 160–161, 164–165, 168–169
“parts but little known” on, 82–83, 160–161
of United States, 41, 65, 168–169
“Map of Lake Champlain, with the Rivers from Fort Chambly in New France, to Orange in New England, prepared according to divers Memoirs,” 81, 154–155
“Map of New England and New York, A,” 146–147
“Map of New France,” 18f–21f, 19
“Map of the east coast of North America,” 16, 35, 120–121
“Map of the Middle British Colonies in North America, A,” 41–42, 43, 164–165 Maquas, 29, 62
Marcy, Mount, 94f–95f, 108
ascent of, 92–95
naming of, 17, 92, 93
Marcy, William Learned, 17, 92
Marguerie de la Haye, François, 65, 120, 134
marine life, 122–123
Mason, John
Laconia and, 16, 72, 97, 98, 99
Massé, Father, 97
Masta, Henry Lorne
Abenaki Indian Legends, Grammar and Place Names, 42
Matouachkarini, 13-14f, 34, 50, 226t
Matououescarini (Matou-ouescariny), 16, 50, 124–125, 140–141, 226t
Matouowesarini, 140–141
Matouweskarini, 13-14f, 226t
Mattawa River, 49f
McComb’s Mountains, 227t
McIntyre, Archibald, 108
McIntyre Range, 82
medicine
Cartier’s contributions to, 66–67
of Hurons, 197–200
for scurvy, 177–178
Meer Vand Irocoisen, 126–127
Megapolensis, Jr., Johannes, 85
Meramack R, 146–147
Mer Des Iroquois, 152–153
Mer Douce, 128–129
metamorphic rock, 69
Meyndertsz van den Bogaert, Harmen, 29, 39, 62, 67, 140
Michigan, Lake, 138–139
Michtan, 51–52
Micmacs, 23, 32
Miller, John, 108
Minquas, 29
missionaries
protection by, 61–62
Missisquoi Bay, 49f, 100
Mitchell, John, 60
Moeurs Des Sauvages Ameriquains Comparées Aux Moeurs des Premier Temps, 38f, 39, 39f, 53f, 105f, 191f, 193f
Mohawk River, 17, 32, 154–155
travel routes for, 49f, 136-137, 138–139
Mohawks
Adirondack and, 13, 14, 15, 16, 40, 96
Algonquin hostilities with, 16, 51–52, 61
conflicts of, 15, 16, 23, 26f, 36
defeat of, 16, 28f, 29, 50
economic changes affecting, 60
etymology of, 56
European contact with, 15–16
fortified villages (castles) of, 55–56, 67, 140–141
French and Indian War and, 31–32, 60
French raids on, 203–205
hunting grounds of, 31, 85, 86f, 87, 101–102
Lake Champlain and, 76, 144–145
maps documenting, 21f, 134–136, 156–157
military alliance against, 35–36, 37f
northern boundaries of, 172–173
original Adirondacks and, 36, 38
reservations of, 31f, 32
in Saint Lawrence Iroquoian dispersal, 15
territory of, 23, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 52, 67, 77–78, 96, 103
torture by, 85, 104–106, 105f
as Toudamani, 23
travel routes of, 17, 35, 87, 89, 100–101, 138–139, 144–145
villages of, 146–147, 148–149
Mohegan Mountains, 227t
Mohegans
vs. Mohicans, 58–59
Mohicans
European contact with, 29
vs. Mohegans (Morhingans), 58–59
Mohowawogs, 56
Moll, Herman, 66f, 150
Montagnais, 32
allied with Champlain, 29
fur trade and, 32
hostilities of, 56
Iroquois hostilities against, 26f, 27, 28f, 29–30, 36, 51, 61
maps documenting, 118–119, 122–123
military alliance with, 35–36, 37f
missionary protection of, 61–62
names given to, 16
as original Adirondacks, 36, 38, 40, 51, 96
Recollect contact with, 62
at Saint Lawrence River, 23
territory of, 27, 34
trade with, 15
travel routes of, 136-137
Montmagny, Governor, 63, 134, 138
Montreal, 122–123, 138–139. See also Hochelaga
Morgan, Lewis Henry, 57–58, 95, 107
League of the Iroquois, 78
Morhingans
vs. Mohicans, 58–59
Morrison Island, 46–47, 50, 63, 179f
mountains. See also Adirondack Mountains
northern New York
names of, 227t
Mountains of Saint Margaret, 17, 75–76, 84, 97, 226t
Mountains of Saint Marthe, 227t
Mulkearn, Lois, 101
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